NCERT Solution for Class 11th

Chapter 2: Structure of Atom

“Structure of Atom” is the second chapter in the NCERT class 11 chemistry textbook. The topics covered under this chapter include subatomic particles, Thomson’s atomic model, Rutherford’s atomic model, Bohr’s model, and the quantum mechanical model of the atom.

The types of questions asked in the NCERT exercise section for this chapter include:

• Basic calculations regarding subatomic particles (protons, electrons, and neutrons).
• Numerical based on the relationship between wavelength and frequency.
• Numerical based on calculating the energy associated with electromagnetic radiation.
• Electron transitions to different shells.
• Writing electron configurations.
• Questions related to quantum numbers and their combinations.

The NCERT Solutions for Class 11 chemistry provided on this page provide detailed explanations on the steps to be followed while solving the numerical value questions that are frequently asked in examinations. The subtopics covered under the chapter are listed below.

1. Sub-atomic Particles
   • Discovery Of Electron
   • Charge To Mass Ratio Of Electron
   • Charge On The Electron
   • Discovery Of Protons And Neutrons
2. Atomic Models
   • Thomson Model Of Atom
   • Rutherford’s Nuclear Model Of Atom
   • Atomic Number And Mass Number
   • Isobars And Isotopes
   • Drawbacks Of Rutherford Model
3. Developments Leading To The Bohr’s Model Of Atom
   • Wave Nature Of Electromagnetic Radiation
   • Particle Nature Of Electromagnetic Radiation: Planck’s Quantum Theory
   • Evidence For The Quantized* Electronic Energy Levels: Atomic Spectra
4. Bohr’s Model For Hydrogen Atom
   • Explanation Of Line Spectrum Of Hydrogen
   • Limitations Of Bohr’s Model
5. Towards Quantum Mechanical Model Of The Atom
   • Dual Behaviour Of Matter
   • Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle
6. Quantum Mechanical Model Of Atom
   • Orbitals And Quantum Numbers
   • Shapes Of Atomic Orbitals
   • Energies Of Orbitals
   • Filling Of Orbitals In Atom
   • Electronic Configuration Of Atoms
   • Stability Of Completely Filled And Half Filled Subshells.

Chapter 3: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

“Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties” is the third chapter, in this chapter is considered by many to be of vital importance since it covers concepts that are an important part of the syllabi for classes 11 & 12 , JEE and NEET.  The topics covered in this chapter include:

1. Genesis of periodic classification
2. Modern periodic law and the present form of the periodic table
3. Nomenclatures of elements with atomic number greater than 100
4. Electronic configurations of elements and the periodic table
5. The s-block, p-block, d-block, and f-block elements
6. Metals, non-metals and metalloids
7. Periodic trends in properties of elements
8. Trends in physical properties
9. Trends in chemical properties
10. Trends in chemical reactivity.

The NCERT Solutions for class 11 chemistry; chapter-3 provided on this page feature the following types of questions.

• Questions on trivial systems for the classification of elements
• Questions on the modern periodic table and the nomenclature of elements with Z>100
• Problems based on quantum numbers and electron configurations
• Atomic/ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron affinity, electronegativity, and reactivity of elements and their trends

It can be noted that the NCERT solutions for class 11 chemistry chapter 3 provided on this page have been prepared by the highly established subject matter experts employed at Anjit Academy.

1. Why Do We Need To Classify Elements?
2. Genesis Of Periodic Classification
3. Modern Periodic Law And The Present Form Of The Periodic Table
4. Nomenclature Of Elements With Atomic Numbers > 100
5. Electronic Configurations Of Elements And The Periodic Table
6. Electronic Configurations And Types Of Elements: 5-, P-, D-, F- Blocks Ex

• • The S-block Elements
  • The P-block Elements
  • The D-block Elements (Transition Elements)
  • The F-block Elements (Inner-transition Elements)
  • Metals, Non-metals And Metalloids

Chapter 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

“Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure” is the fourth chapter in this chapter touches on several fundamental concepts in the field of chemistry (such as hybridization and the modern theories on chemical bonding). The concepts covered in this chapter are listed below.

1. VSEPR theory
2. Lewis structures
3. Valence bond theory
4. The polar character of covalent bonds
5. The concept of hybridization
6. The molecular orbital theory of homo-nuclear diatomic molecules
7. Hydrogen bonding

The NCERT solutions for class 11 chemistry chapter-4 provided on this page feature the following types of questions:

• Drawing Lewis dot symbols for atoms, molecules, and polyatomic ions
• Questions on bond parameters
• Expressing resonance with the help of Lewis structures
• Questions related to dipole moment, bond polarity, and polar covalent bonds
• Questions on hybridization
• Questions on VBT, MOT, and the VSEPR theory

The concept-focused approach followed during the creation of the class 11 chemistry NCERT solutions makes them extremely useful during chapter revisions. Crafted by highly experienced subject experts.

1. Octet Rule
   • Covalent Bond
   • Lewis Representation Of Simple Molecules (The Lewis Structures)
   • Formal Charge
   • Limitations Of The Octet Rule

2. Ionic Or Electrovalent Bond – Lattice Enthalpy

3. Bond Parameters
   • Bond Length
   • Bond Angle
   • Bond Enthalpy
   • Bond Order
   • Resonance Structures
   • Polarity Of Bonds
4. The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory
   • Orbital Overlap Concept
   • Directional Properties Of Bonds
   • Overlapping Of Atomic Orbitals
   • Types Of Overlapping And Nature Of Covalent Bonds
   • The Strength Of Sigma And Pi Bonds
5. Hybridisation
   • Types Of Hybridisation
   • Other Examples Of Sp3, Sp2 And Sp Hybridisation
   • The Hybridisation Of Elements Involving D Orbitals
6. Molecular Orbital Theory
   • Formation Of Molecular Orbitals Linear Combination Of Atomic Orbitals (Lcao)
   • Conditions For The Combination Of Atomic Orbitals
   • Types Of Molecular Orbitals
   • Energy Level Diagram For Molecular Orbitals
   • Electronic Configuration And Molecular Behaviour
7. Bonding In Some Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules
8. Hydrogen Bonding
   • Cause Of Formation Of Hydrogen Bond
   • Types Of H-bonds.

Chapter 5: States of Matter

“States of Matter” is the fifth chapter in this chapter contains several fundamental concepts related to intermolecular forces and how they affect the physical state of a substance. It also deals with several other important concepts associated with the liquid and gaseous states of matter. This is the reason why “states of matter” is regarded by many as one of the most important chapters in the NCERT class 11 chemistry textbook.

The NCERT solutions for class 11 chemistry (chapter 5) provided on this page deal with the following types of questions:

• Numerical problems based on Boyle’s law, Charles’s law, Gay-Lusscac’s law, and Avogadro’s law.
• Numerical problems on calculating partial pressure.
• Questions on critical temperature and pressure.
• Questions on Van der Waals forces and other types of intermolecular forces.

The topics covered in this chapter include intermolecular forces and thermal energy, gas laws, the ideal gas equation, the kinetic theory of gases, the deviation of gases from ideal behaviour, liquefaction of gases, and the liquid state. 

1. Intermolecular Forces
   • Dispersion Forces Or London Forces
   • Dipole-dipole Forces
   • Dipole-induced Dipole Forces
   • Hydrogen Bond
2. Thermal Energy
3. Intermolecular Forces Vs Thermal Interactions
4. The Gaseous State Ex
5. The Gas Laws Ex
   • Boyle’s Law (Pressure-volume Relationship)
   • Charles’ Law (Temperature-volume Relationship)
   • Gay Lussac’s Law (Pressure-temperature Relationship)
   • Avogadro Law (Volume – Amount Relationship)
6. Ideal Gas Equation
   • Density And Molar Mass Of A Gaseous Substance
   • Dalton’s Law Of Partial Pressures
7. Kinetic Molecular Theory Of Gases
8. Behaviour Of Real Gases: Deviation From Ideal Gas Behaviour
9. Liquefaction Of Gases
10. Liquid State
    • Vapour Pressure
    • Surface Tension and Viscosity.

Chapter 6: Thermodynamics

“Thermodynamics” is the sixth chapter of NCERT text book. Thermodynamics is a branch of science that deals with the relationship between heat and other forms of energy. A part of the universe where observations are made is called system. The surrounding of a system is the part of the universe which does not contain the system. Based on the exchange of energy and matter, thermodynamic systems can be classified into 3 types: closed system, open system and isolated system.

In a closed system, only energy can be exchanged with the surrounding. In open system energy as well as matter can be exchanged with the surrounding. In an isolated system, both energy and matter cannot be exchanged with the surrounding.

1. Thermodynamic Terms
   • The System and the Surroundings
   • Types of Thermodynamic Systems
   • State of the System
   • Internal Energy as a State Function
2. Applications
   • Work
   • Enthalpy, H
3. Measurement Of ΔU And ΔH: Calorimetry
4. Enthalpy Change and Reaction Enthalpy
5. Enthalpies For Different Types Of Reactions
6. Spontaneity
7. Gibbs Energy Change And Equilibrium

Chapter 7: Equilibrium

“Equilibrium” is the seventh chapter in the NCERT Class 11 the textbook.  Several important concepts such as equilibrium constants, buffer solutions, and the common-ion effect are explained in this chapter. Along with structured questions, the NCERT solutions for class 11 chemistry chapter -7 provided on this page come with detailed explanations to help students learn and understand the key concepts related to chemical equilibrium in a seamless manner. The important subtopics associated with chapter 7 are-

1. Solid-liquid Equilibrium
   • Liquid-vapour Equilibrium
   • Solid – Vapour Equilibrium
   • Equilibrium Involving Dissolution Of Solid Or Gases In Liquids
   • General Characteristics Of Equilibria Involving Physical Processes
2. Equilibrium In Chemical Processes – Dynamic Equilibrium
3. Law Of Chemical Equilibrium And Equilibrium Constant
4. Homogeneous Equilibria
   • Equilibrium Constant In Gaseous Systems
5. Heterogeneous Equilibria
6. Applications Of Equilibrium Constants
   • Predicting The Extent Of A Reaction
   • Predicting The Direction Of The Reaction
   • Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations
7. Relationship Between Equilibrium Constant K, Reaction Quotient Q And Gibbs Energy G
8. Factors Affecting Equilibria
   • Effect Of Concentration Change
   • Effect Of Pressure Change
   • Effect Of Inert Gas Addition
   • Effect Of Temperature Change
   • Effect Of A Catalyst
9. Ionic Equilibrium In Solution
10. Acids, Bases And Salts
    • Arrhenius Concept Of Acids And Bases
    • The Bronsted-lowry Acids And Bases
    • Lewis Acids And Bases
11. Ionization Of Acids And Bases
    • The Ionization Constant Of Water And It’s Ionic Product
    • The Ph Scale
    • Ionization Constants Of Weak Acids
    • Ionization Of Weak Bases
    • The Relation Between Ka And Kb
    • Di- And Polybasic Acids And Di- And Polyacidic Bases
    • Factors Affecting Acid Strength
    • Common Ion Effect In The Ionization Of Acids And Bases
    • Hydrolysis Of Salts And The Ph Of Their Solutions
12. Buffer Solutions
13. Solubility Equilibria Of Sparingly Soluble Salts
    • Solubility Product Constant
    • Common Ion Effect On Solubility Of Ionic Salts.

Chapter 8: Redox Reactions

“Redox Reactions” is the eighth chapter in the NCERT class 11 chemistry textbook. This chapter is regarded by many as one of the most important chapters in the CBSE class 11 chemistry syllabus owing to the fact that the entire field of electrochemistry deals with redox reactions.

The important subtopics that come under this chapter are listed below-

1. Classical Idea Of Redox Reactions – Oxidation And Reduction Reactions
2. Redox Reactions In Terms Of Electron Transfer Reactions
   • Competitive Electron Transfer Reactions
3. Oxidation Number
   • Types Of Redox Reactions
   • Balancing Of Redox Reactions
   • Redox Reactions As The Basis For Titrations
   • Limitations Of Concept Of Oxidation Number
4. Redox Reactions And Electrode Processes.

Chapter 9: Hydrogen

Hydrogen is the first element in the periodic table and the lightest element with just one proton and one electron. Dihydrogen is the most abundant element of this universe. The solutions are free and you can either view them online on the website or download the PDF.

The chapter 9 Hydrogen from class 11 chemistry is intended to make students accustomed to the properties, reactions, uses of hydrogen and other relative factors of hydrogen. Besides, hydrogen is an important element as it is the most common item that makes up more than 80 percent of the mass of the entire universe. Therefore if you are a student of chemistry, it is important to know all about this element. That being said, here we are providing a set of NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 9 to help students test their knowledge about chapter 9 which is hydrogen and they can also learn how to work on the questions as well. With the help of our downloadable Solutions for NCERT class 11 chemistry chapter 9 PDF, students can access the content from anywhere and learn about the different topics.

1. Position Of Hydrogen In The Periodic Table
2. Dihydrogen, H₂
   1. Occurrence
   2. Isotopes Of Hydrogen
3. Preparation Of Dihydrogen, H₂
   1. Laboratory Preparation Of Dihydrogen
   2. Commercial Production Of Dihydrogen
4. Properties Of Dihydrogen
   1. Physical Properties
   2. Chemical Properties
   3. Uses Of Dihydrogen
5. Hydrides
   1. Ionic Or Saline Hydrides
   2. Covalent Or Molecular Hydride
   3. Metallic Or Non-stoichiometric (Or Interstitial ) Hydrides
6. Water
   1. Physical Properties Of Water
   2. Structure Of Water
   3. Structure Of Ice
   4. Chemical Properties Of Water
   5. Hard And Soft Water
   6. Temporary Hardness
   7. Permanent Hardness
7. Hydrogen Peroxide (H₂0₂)
   1. Preparation
   2. Physical Properties
   3. Structure
   4. Chemical Properties
   5. Storage
   6. Uses
8. Heavy Water, D₂O
9. Dihydrogen as a Fuel

Chapter 10: The s-Block Elements

s-Block Elements is one of the important chapter for class 11, this chapter deals with the group 1- Alkali Metals and Group 2 – Alkaline Earth Metals, Elements of s- block their physical property and chemical properties, General Characteristics of Compounds of the Alkaline Earth Metals, Some Important Compounds of Calcium, Anomalous properties of Lithium and Behavior of Beryllium…

Students studying in class 11 are advised to study the chapters of class 11 properly because the chapters which are taught in class 11 are the basics of the chapters which will be taught in class 12. The topics of class 11 are also important for examinations like NEET & JEE Mains.

1. Group 1 Elements: Alkali Metals
2. General Characteristics Of The Compounds Of The Alkali Metals
   1. Oxides And Hydroxides
   2. Halides
   3. Salts Of Oxo-acids
3. Anomalous Properties Of Lithium
4. Some Important Compounds Of Sodium
5. Biological Importance Of Sodium And Potassium
6. Group 2 Elements: Alkaline Earth Metals
7. General Characteristics Of Compounds Of The Alkaline Earth Metals
8. Anomalous Behavior Of Beryllium
9. Some Important Compounds Of Calcium
10. Biological Importance Of Magnesium And Calcium.

Chapter 11: The p-Block Elements

The p-block elements are between the 13th group and the 18th group in the periodic table. Since this chapter covers a lot of topics, students need to learn and be in touch with the subject. At such juncture, students can and should refer to NCERT chemistry solutions for class 11 to retain the concepts in their memory as well as to clear all their doubts.

Class 11 chemistry chapter 11 p-Block Elements is an important topic for the students. One needs to have a good command of this topic in order to excel in the examination. Class 11 chemistry chapter 11 basically deals with the topic of p-block elements. Just to give you a gist, p-block elements are nothing but elements where the last electron enters or is found on the outermost p-subshell.

1. Group 13 Elements: The Boron Family
   1. Electronic Configuration
   2. Atomic Radii
   3. Ionization Enthalpy
   4. Electronegativity
   5. Physical Properties
   6. Chemical Properties
2. Important Trends And Anomalous Properties Of Boron
3. Some Important Compounds Of Boron
   1. Borax
   2. Orthoboric Acid
   3. Diborane, B2h6
4. Uses Of Boron And Aluminium And Their Compounds
5. Group 14 Elements: The Carbon Family
   1. Electronic Configuration
   2. Covalent Radius
   3. Ionization Enthalpy
   4. Electronegativity
   5. Physical Properties
   6. Chemical Properties
6. Important Trends And Anomalous Behaviour Of Carbon
7. Allotropes Of Carbon
   1. Diamond
   2. Graphite
   3. Fullerenes
   4. Uses Of Carbon
8. Some Important Compounds Of Carbon And Silicon
   1. Carbon Monoxide
   2. Carbon Dioxide
   3. Silicon Dioxide, Si02
   4. Silicones
   5. Silicates
   6. Zeolites

Chapter 12: Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques

Those who want to give their best for the upcoming class 11 final exam and competitive exams will need to get accustomed to this chapter to get good marks.

1. General Introduction
2. Tetravalence Of Carbon: Shapes Of Organic Compounds
3. Structural Representations Of Organic Compounds
   1. Complete, Condensed And Bond-line Structural Formulas
   2. Three-dimensional Representation Of Organic Molecules
4. Classification Of Organic Compounds
5. Nomenclature Of Organic Compounds
   1. The IUPAC System Of Nomenclature
   2. Iupac Nomenclature Of Alkanes
   3. Nomenclature Of Organic Compounds Having Functional Group(S)
   4. Nomenclature Of Substituted Benzene Compounds  
6. Isomerism
   1. Structural Isomerism
   2. Stereoisomerism
7. Fundamental Concepts In Organic Reaction Mechanism
   1. Fission Of A Covalent Bond
   2. Nucleophiles And Electrophiles
   3. Electron Movement In Organic Reactions
   4. Electron Displacement Effects In Covalent Bonds
   5. Inductive Effect
   6. Resonance Structure
   7. Resonance Effect
   8. Electromeric Effect (E Effect)
   9. Hyperconjugation
   10. Types Of Organic Reactions And Mechanisms
8. Methods Of Purification Of Organic Compounds
   1. Sublimation
   2. Crystallization
   3. Distillation
   4. Differential Extraction
   5. Chromatography
9. Qualitative Analysis Of Organic Compounds
   1. Detection Of Carbon And Hydrogen
   2. Detection Of Other Elements
10. Quantitative Analysis
    1. Carbon And Hydrogen
    2. Nitrogen
    3. Halogens
    4. Sulphur
    5. Phosphorus
    6. Oxygen

1. Group 13 Elements: The Boron Family
   1. Electronic Configuration
   2. Atomic Radii
   3. Ionization Enthalpy
   4. Electronegativity
   5. Physical Properties
   6. Chemical Properties
2. Important Trends And Anomalous Properties Of Boron
3. Some Important Compounds Of Boron
   1. Borax
   2. Orthoboric Acid
   3. Diborane, B2h6
4. Uses Of Boron And Aluminium And Their Compounds
5. Group 14 Elements: The Carbon Family
   1. Electronic Configuration
   2. Covalent Radius
   3. Ionization Enthalpy
   4. Electronegativity
   5. Physical Properties
   6. Chemical Properties
6. Important Trends And Anomalous Behaviour Of Carbon
7. Allotropes Of Carbon
   1. Diamond
   2. Graphite
   3. Fullerenes
   4. Uses Of Carbon
8. Some Important Compounds Of Carbon And Silicon
   1. Carbon Monoxide
   2. Carbon Dioxide
   3. Silicon Dioxide, Si02
   4. Silicones
   5. Silicates
   6. Zeolites

Chapter 13: Hydrocarbons

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 13 Hydrocarbon is one of the important chapters of organic chemistry. Class 11 is an important phase of a student’s life because it shed light on important topics such as hydrocarbons. CBSE class 11 hydrocarbons teach about alkanes, preparation of alkanes from unsaturated hydrocarbons, from alkyl halides, from carboxylic acids, physical and chemical properties of alkanes.

Organic chemistry is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of organic compounds. To understand the chapter hydrocarbons you have to study the chapter thoroughly and solve NCERT questions. Hydrocarbons topic gives knowledge about Alkenes, the nomenclature of alkenes, isomers, preparation of alkene using alkyne.

1. Classification
2. Alkanes
   1. Nomenclature And Isomerism
   2. Preparation
   3. Properties
   4. Conformations
3. Alkenes  
   1. Structure Of Double Bond
   2. Nomenclature
   3. Isomerism
   4. Preparation
   5. Properties
4. Alkynes
   1. Nomenclature And Isomerism
   2. Structure Of Triple Bond
   3. Preparation
   4. Properties
5. Aromatic Hydrocarbon
   1. Nomenclature And Isomerism
   2. Structure Of Benzene
   3. Aromaticity
   4. Preparation Of Benzene
   5. Properties
   6. Directive Influence Of A Functional Group In Monosubstituted Benzene
6. Carcinogenicity And Toxicity

Chapter 14: Environmental Chemistry

Environmental Chemistry is one of the most important chapters in this chapter, many important concepts related to the environment are taught to students like atmospheric pollution, water pollution, soil pollution and reasons for soil pollution. Apart from these students will get to know about strategies to control environmental pollution like waste disposal, use of pesticides to reduce soil pollution.

1. Environmental Pollution
2. Atmospheric Pollution
   1. Tropospheric Pollution
   2. Stratospheric Pollution
3. Water Pollution
   1. Causes of Water Pollution
   2. International Standards for Drinking Water
4. Soil Pollution
   1. Pesticides
5. Industrial Waste
6. Strategies To Control Environmental Pollution
   1. Waste Management
   2. Waste Management
7. Green Chemistry
   1. Introduction
   2. Green Chemistry in day-to-day Life